Even the industrial 40 factory will not be empty

Even if industry 4.0, the factory will not be empty

waiters dressed in Bavarian traditional costumes enthusiastically send fresh beer from an endless source. This high-quality beer cannot be separated from the professionalism and rigor of the brewer. As a representative of Germany's traditional industry, the exquisite brewing of beer makes us feel the attitude of European industrial giants

the fresh blood of industrial giants

German industry has always been famous, which to a large extent benefits the blood of industry: excellent workers. Some time ago, on buzzfeed, pictures of German workers wiring exploded. Craftsman spirit makes their product design focus on convenience and durability, and strive for perfect process quality. Firmly implement the highest standards in the manufacturing field, require manufacturing plants to comply with the safety standards of chemical plants and nuclear power plants, and make the automobile anti-collision standards the strictest in the world

unlike the degree worship in some countries, a major standard of German talents is practical ability. There is a strong tradition of respecting professional skills and practical ability, and equipped with an effective training system: apprenticeship. In primary school, we pay attention to cultivating students' practical ability to lay the foundation for adapting to the apprenticeship system in the future

the emphasis on practice has continued from childhood to German colleges and universities, and has become the core of the apprenticeship system: the dual system. German law clearly stipulates the length of internship in enterprises for freshmen in Colleges and universities. Students also often visit enterprises. 70% of the questions of graduation design are put forward by enterprises in combination with the actual problems that need to be solved. They do not pay enough attention to the development of key talents, and most of them are completed in enterprises. At the same time, enterprises are willing to bear the salary, training and other expenses of students during factory training. Of course, the government will also subsidize some of them. It costs about 25000 to 80000 dollars for the German government and enterprises to train an apprentice

German enterprises not only provide funds, venues and opportunities for practical teaching, but also guide the whole practical teaching process and evaluate and assess the results. Enterprises will also cultivate a large number of high-quality front-line skilled workers as an important part of medium and long-term investment. Although the enterprise bears certain expenses, it ensures that employees with the required skills can be obtained. Big companies like Siemens have their own apprenticeship programs

compared with the simple school training in France, the simple enterprise learning in Britain, and the enterprise arranged mode in Japan and the United States, the dual system vocational education is more competitive in cultivating employability. According to the latest data released by the German Federal Bureau of statistics in January this year, the number of employment in Germany reached 43 million in 2015, and employment has maintained a 10-year continuous growth. The unemployment rate fell to 4.3% from 4.7% in 2014, lower than half of the EU unemployment rate

work together with one heart to meet people

but such an excellent vocational education system is also facing the challenges of advanced manufacturing industry. In the era of industry 4.0, intelligent manufacturing will become the main direction of factories in the future. There will be fewer and fewer people in the factory, and machine replacement is becoming a trend. But there are still some jobs that cannot be replaced and become human privileges. Dr Wolfgang Wahlster, CEO of the German Artificial Intelligence Research Center (DFKI), asserted that even in the era of industry 4.0, our factory will not be empty

but to get this privilege, we must first break the division of traditional industrial labor roles. Industry 4.0 was initiated by Germany, which on the one hand originated from Germany's industrial strength; On the other hand, perhaps because they realize the new role of people in the future industry: innovation. There are few workers in the famous Siemens Berlin gas turbine plant, but everything is operating in an orderly manner. Workers will gradually change from executors to controllers, and more innovative thinking, and perform their respective duties with machines, rather than competing with them at the executive level

Wanbao Shenghua, a multinational human resources consulting company, believes that the division between blue collar workers and white-collar workers will disappear in future factories, and new talent needs will gradually appear, according to Li Jianbo, Deputy Secretary General of China Polyurethane Industry Association. McKinsey manufacturing's future research shows that by 2020, 40million jobs will be reserved for qualified employees. Industry 4.0 needs to adapt to more difficult operations, such as mechanical and electronic engineers, rather than blue collar workers in the traditional sense

some large enterprises have begun to increase the proportion of innovation in their talent training strategies. There is a place called maker space in Siemens Central Research Institute, which is a space with equipment, including 3D printers, laser cutting machines, etc., where every employee can test all ideas

like Germany, China also needs to start the talent layout in the era of Intelligent Manufacturing in advance, but the reality is not optimistic

the key factor in building a digital factory lies in PPT (process, people technology, that is, process, talent and Technology). Compared with technology and process, the talent dilemma is one of the severe challenges facing made in China, which will restrict the development speed of made in China. China has gradually become a manufacturing power, and is in urgent need of a large number of innovative high-quality engineering talents. According to McKinsey's prediction, by 2020, Chinese manufacturing enterprises will need 140million highly skilled talents, with a gap of 22million

many Chinese entrepreneurs who have visited Germany have mentioned Siemens Amberg factory, which can produce 1million parts every year, and production equipment and computers can handle 75% of the process work independently. There are only about 1200 employees in the factory. They control the whole production process and automation system, and plan the information distribution. They are all capable

it is obviously not enough to cultivate such talents only by the current Chinese schools and vocational education. At present, China's vocational education often continues the knowledge inculcation mode of high school general education or higher education, which neither reflects the characteristics of vocational education, nor takes into account the actual needs of enterprises and industries. As a result, with the continuous increase of graduates, the shortage of talents in manufacturing has not fundamentally changed. At present, in many factories in China, front-line employees lack the skilled operation ability of high-precision equipment and automation systems; Middle managers need to adapt faster to the transformation of automation and digitalization of production systems; However, the major decision-making ability of the senior management of the enterprise for the development direction of the digital chemical plant still needs to be improved

fortunately, some middle schools and Vocational Colleges in China, such as Qingdao University of science and technology, Beijing No. 35 middle school and Beijing Vocational College of electronic technology, have begun to cooperate with German institutions and enterprises to explore the training mode of new industrial talents based on the dual system

large enterprises in Germany, such as Volkswagen and Siemens, are also cooperating with China in talent training. In May last year, Volkswagen, in cooperation with the administrative committee of Tianjin Development Zone and the Sino German Vocational and technical college, planned to train about 500 students in the dual system vocational education program every year in the future

Siemens cooperates fully with the Ministry of education of China. Combined with the order form of extruder enterprises, it will get a substantial recovery in theory and practice, create a new educational concept, cultivate innovative engineering talents, and promote the transformation and upgrading of China's manufacturing industry. Siemens has held the National College Students' Siemens cup industrial automation challenge for 10 consecutive years, covering 9 competition areas across the country. The competition is mainly for college students majoring in national automation and Mechatronics and students in higher vocational colleges. As of 2015, the challenge has attracted a total of 3414 teams and 10242 students over the past 10 years. With those students who were once ignorant of their majors, they have grown into outstanding talents in the field of industrial automation

this year, in order to comply with the new trend of intelligent manufacturing, the competition was renamed Siemens Cup China intelligent manufacturing challenge. Professor Zhang Baker, director of the challenge Secretariat, said about the original intention of holding the challenge: we hope that students can learn more practical knowledge that they can't learn in class, get access to the latest technology, and make greater progress in improving professional skills, knowledge and ability by participating in the challenge. These words speak out the core goal of the competition: to stimulate students' application ability and innovation vitality in practical technology, cultivate and deliver more excellent innovative engineering talents for China, and provide a fundamental guarantee for building a manufacturing power

Siemens vigorously promotes school enterprise cooperation and holds the national Siemens cup industrial automation challenge for college students to cultivate students' practical application ability and innovation ability

hao ping, Vice Minister of the Ministry of education, also greatly appreciated the mode of school enterprise cooperation in cultivating talents: school enterprise cooperation is an important work in China's education field. The cooperation between the Ministry of education and Siemens well conforms to the spirit of the outline of education planning

vocational education in China is in a special period. They are rethinking how to cultivate talents to face new challenges. The cooperation between China's vocational education and Germany has become more and more extensive, but in addition to learning the form of dual system, understanding the spirit of cultivating talents in Germany is the key: the demand for talents may change, but practical ability, innovative spirit and collaborative spirit are always necessary qualities. As Zhu Xiaoxun, President of Siemens China Research Institute, said: people who must innovate and cooperate to turn thinking into reality. They let the complex machines operate accurately, and let the great and invisible industrial power condense into a cup of delicious beer in Xiao Bin's hand, which tastes fresh and has charming color